MacKenzie Weegar and Frank Vatrano each had a goal and an assist for the Panthers (25-9-4), who have a season-high five-game winning streak.
Oliver Bjorkstrand scored for the Blue Jackets (14-17-8). Elvis Merzlikins was pulled after making 21 saves in two periods. Joonas Korpisalo made 12 saves in the third period.
"I think we're playing the right way," Columbus coach John Tortorella said. "Gave up a little bit too much tonight, but give them some credit. We just give too much for free. We are not equipped enough as far as goal scoring to give things for free. We played a ton of good minutes tonight."
The teams play again here Sunday. Florida is 4-0-1 in the series this season.
Wennberg played for the Blue Jackets from 2014-20; the forward signed with Florida on Oct 9, one day after he was bought out by Columbus.
"I mean, it's always a little bit special to play against them," Wennberg said. "We've played them a bunch in the past, but it was one of those games right now you're excited for this game, and just the way it played, I felt we had a good one as well. So it was just a lot of fun out there."
Weegar gave Florida a 1-0 lead at 3:57 of the second period when he took a cross-ice pass from center Aleksander Barkov and scored with a high shot to the glove side. Barkov returned after missing six games with a lower-body injury.