Teddy Blueger, Danton Heinen and Mike Matheson scored, and Tristan Jarry made 17 saves for the Penguins (17-8-5), who have outscored their opponents 26-10 during the streak.
"It wasn't pretty," Blueger said. "I don't think we had our best. We were pretty good at times, but it just seemed like there wasn't a whole lot of rhythm, especially offensively for us. So it was just kind of digging in deep and finding a way to get it done."
Janne Kuokkanen and Nathan Bastian scored for the Devils (10-15-5), who have lost six straight and 15 of their past 18 games (3-12-3).
"Some nights, maybe a week or two ago, we were completely out of it, and then nights like tonight, we easily could've found a way to win," Bastian said. "There's little things. Another shorthand goal (given up) is obviously super frustrating for us, but we played pretty good the whole night. It would have been nice to be rewarded for tonight."
Jon Gillies made 19 saves for New Jersey in his first game since he was acquired in a trade with the St. Louis Blues on Dec. 15.
"I just want to contribute," Gillies said. "I think that when you're leading up to things and you're kind of in the mix but the group has been together for the whole year, and you kind of haven't really done anything yet, I think that's the part (getting that first start with a new team) that is nice to kind of have it out of the way, but I just got to try and contribute points next time."
Blueger gave the Penguins a 1-0 lead at 9:19 of the first period with a shorthanded goal on a breakaway after intercepting a pass in his own zone. It is the sixth shorthanded goal the Devils have allowed this season, the most in the NHL.