Blue Jackets defenseman Zach Werenski had a goal disallowed at the end of overtime; video review determined the puck crossed the line after time expired. Columbus was on a power play when Werenski took a rebound and shot from the left circle.
Robin Lehner made 31 saves for Chicago (17-17-6), which won for the fourth time in five games despite trailing 2-0 in the third period before goals from Dylan Strome (7:33) and Erik Gustafsson on the power play with 2:02 remaining.
It was Lehner's first shootout win in four tries this season; he is 9-23 in his NHL career.
"Columbus played really well today. They came at us hard," Lehner said. "That we could battle through the second period and keep it 2-0 was big for us. Same message at the intermission, just stick with it.
"It doesn't matter how long it takes. We got one goal, [Gustafsson] steps up and gets a huge goal for us and we got life back. It was really nice to get this one."
Strome scored on a deflection of Connor Murphy's shot from the left point to make it 2-1.
"Good things happen when he gets pucks through and to the net," Strome said. "[The defense] has actually been getting pucks through, but we haven't had guys there."
Gustafsson tied it after Blue Jackets defenseman Seth Jones was given a delay of game penalty for shooting the puck over the glass with 3:44 left. Gustafsson scored his fifth goal with a shot from above the left circle.
"We can win games [even] when we don't have the best nights," he said.
Riley Nash gave Columbus a 1-0 lead at 6:54 of the first period. He skated out of his own end into the attacking zone and had his wrist shot skim the skate of Blackhawks defenseman Slater Koekkoek and go glove-side to the upper right corner for his third goal.
Pierre-Luc Dubois made it 2-0 at 18:40 of the first. Foligno skated through the crease to gather a loose puck and sent a cross-ice, backhand pass to the lower right circle for a one-timer.
"I didn't like our first period at all, but I thought we found a way to respond in the second," Blackhawks coach Jeremy Colliton said. "It's not like we dominated the second, but we played much better, had our chances and were able to stay in the game and give ourselves a chance to come back. In the third, we were really good."
Patrick Kane scored the deciding goal in the shootout on the first shot Merzlikins faced.
"A couple of our mistakes and penalties broke us," Blue Jackets defenseman Vladislav Gavrikov said. "We had some chances but couldn't score. We've got to be patient again. That's our key."
