"The retention rate was going in the wrong direction," Smith said. "Kids were getting frustrated, so we went away from the trophy-based mentality, which lots of youth sports were using for a long time … and went to three basic concepts.
"No. 1 -- and it's not just for the player, but for the player, the coach, the ref, the parent, the fan, the adult player, anyone playing the game -- is to have fun. No. 2, to keep them in a safe environment, not just on the ice with the rink and the arena and the rules we set, but off the ice; and the third thing is to allow skill development to flourish.
"We went back to particularly younger age groups. Kids like playing something they enjoy doing, and if they're good at it, if they like it, they stay even longer. So we went to more skill-based practices, more station-based practices, and those things put together increased the fun, safety and enjoyment people get out of the game."
There are record registrations among adults and the women's program is flourishing, and Smith mentioned the fact USA Hockey's outreach has included all levels and abilities. The Paralympic sled hockey team won consecutive Olympic gold medals in Vancouver (2010) and Sochi (2014); the group Courage USA has brought hockey to vision-impaired players; and a new discipline known as Warrior Hockey is allowing wounded vets returning from combat to play the game they love.