Alex Nedeljkovic made 38 saves for the Red Wings (16-16-3), who have lost four straight on the road and seven of their past 10 overall.
"I think one thing that jumps out is we haven't put 60 minutes of good hockey together on the road, and we have to find a way to do that, start to finish," Detroit captain Dylan Larkin said.
Danault gave Los Angeles a 1-0 lead at 6:27 of the first period, putting in Arthur Kaliyev's rebound in the crease four seconds after a power play expired.
Doughty made it 2-0 at 9:06 with a one-timer off a pass from Rasmus Kupari. Doughty has four points (one goal, three assists) during a three-game point streak.
"I guess, typical coach, you want our team to play that way throughout the whole night, and we fell off a little bit after that, but a tremendous start," Kings coach Todd McLellan said. "On our toes, getting to a lot of loose pucks, winning face-offs, playing the way we wanted to play."
The Kings outshot the Red Wings 27-2 in the first, tying their record for shots in a period. Los Angeles also had 27 shots in the second period against Detroit on Jan. 7, 2010.
"We weren't ready to go," Larkin said. "We come in here and dip our toe in the water. Can't play like that on the road. … We just weren't ready to bring the battle to them."
Kempe extended the lead to 3-0 with a shorthanded goal at 16:23 of the second period. It was his third goal in five games since the Kings returned from the holiday break.
"We talked to ourselves after the first, and we knew they were going to push and do something better for sure," Danault said. "Then we just stick to our game."