The center was acquired in a trade with the Ottawa Senators on Friday with defenseman Julius Bergman for forward prospects Vitaly Abramov and Jonathan Davidsson, a first-round pick in the 2019 NHL Draft and a conditional first-round pick in the 2020 draft.
Duchene had no points, three shots and played 19:11 in the Blue Jackets' 3-0 win at Ottawa on Friday.
Columbus, 6-3-0 in its past nine games, is tied in points with the Pittsburgh Penguins for third place in the Metropolitan Division, four points behind the Washington Capitals.
The Sharks will look for their ninth win in 11 games; they're 8-1-1 in their past 10 games and 15-4-1 in their past 20. San Jose is in second place in the Pacific Division, three points behind the Calgary Flames.