The Blue Jackets (7-3-0) are off to their best start. They went 6-3-1 in 2007-08, and 5-3-2 last season when they set their record with 108 points.
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"These are the types of games we won last year," Blue Jackets coach John Tortorella said. "It's finding a way to win a game when it's there, when you're still involved in it. I'm thrilled with the win."
Winnipeg (4-3-2) lost both games of a back-to-back. They were defeated at the Pittsburgh Penguins 2-1 in overtime on Thursday.
"With both going to overtime and coming up short both times it is disappointing, but if we continue to work like that we should be successful more often than not," said Jets goaltender Steve Mason, who made his first start since a 5-2 home loss to the Blue Jackets on Oct. 17.
Anderson's goal came after Mason stopped him at the crease. While Anderson went to the right corner to get the puck, Mason was trying to retrieve his dropped stick. Anderson moved around the goal and looped the left circle before shooting from the high slot.
Mason was unable to recover his stick and could not make the save.
"Once I got around the net I tried to put it on net," Anderson said. "I saw some guys in front and luckily it went in."
The goal would not have been possible if not for Sergei Bobrovsky's outstanding save 37 seconds earlier when he robbed Blake Wheeler at the edge of the blue.
Wheeler was alone and had Bobrovsky down, but the 2017 Vezina Trophy winner stuck out his glove and scooped up the puck.
"We didn't give them much but when we did, [Bobrovsky] made key saves at key times," Tortorella said.
Columbus defeated the Jets at Nationwide Arena for the first time in five games, dating to Nov. 12, 2011, but it took a comeback effort.
Brandon Tanev gave the Jets a 1-0 lead 4:52 into the first period.