Arvidsson, who was placed on injured reserve Monday, has missed three games. He had an assist in 19:00 of ice time in a 5-4 overtime win against the Dallas Stars on Saturday but left the game in the third period after hitting the boards.
The forward has 13 points (eight goals, five assists) in 13 games this season.
"It's a blow," Predators coach Peter Laviolette said. "He's a good player for us. He's an engine for our team, does a lot of good things and plays in a lot of situations for us.
"It is a blow for us. It is an opportunity for somebody to step up. I think we've got enough guys inside the room to cover something like this. It gives guys an opportunity to show what they can do and make the most of it."
Subban, a defenseman, played 7:07 and left in the second period of a 5-4 loss at the San Jose Sharks on Tuesday. He has 12 points (two goals, 10 assists) in 18 games this season.
The Predators activated defenseman Dan Hamhuis from injured reserve Thursday before a 2-1 loss to the Arizona Coyotes.
Nashville (13-4-1) has lost back-to-back games and was 2-1-1 on its five-game road trip.
NHL.com correspondent Alan Robinson contributed to this report
