The 36-year-old defenseman had eight points (four goals, four assists) in 51 games with Ottawa this season. He was plus-2 in 17:12 of ice time per game.
"It's the experience and he's a proven veteran guy in the dressing room," Flyers coach Dave Hakstol told NBC Sports Philadelphia. "He's an outstanding defender and he's very versatile in terms of being able to play either side. I think he certainly brings an element to our group."
Oduya has 190 points (41 goals, 149 assists) in 849 NHL games with the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Chicago Blackhawks, Winnipeg Jets, Dallas Stars and Senators. He has 28 points (six goals, 26 assists) in 106 Stanley Cup Playoff games and was part of the Blackhawks' Stanley Cup championship teams in 2013 and 2015.